淡水池塘主养鲈试验

报道了首次利用淡水鱼塘，主养鲈兼养鲢，鲤，草鱼等试验，每亩放苗５１５尾，鲈占放养总重的７１．７％；主喂冷冻青鳞鱼，约占７７．７％，辅喂人工配饵；前期只充渗漏水，中后期透明度小于３０ｃｍ时，大量换水。结果：共产商品鱼８８０２ｋｇ，其中鲈３７４０ｋｇ，折合亩产１２４．７ｋｇ，成活率８９％。总产值１２８０４６．８地，纯利７６９６９．８地，平均亩纯利２５６５元，投入产出比１：２．５。     

一种评价污染物对贝类生长影响的快速测定方法

简要介绍了新研制的贝类壳长电视测量仪的工作原理，及利用这一新的测试手段，根据不同实验条件比较实验的结果所建立的一套用来评价有毒物质对贻贝生长影响的测定方法。该方法快速灵敏、简便可行，在今后的生物测试和生物监测中具有广泛的应用价值。     

Eco-phenotypic growth in juvenile smooth marron, Cherax cainii (Decapoda: Parastacidae)

Abstract  The smooth marron, Cherax cainii Austin, now occurs in regions of Western Australia that are warmer and drier than those of the natural distribution. Animals sourced along a south to north geographical axis decrease in body mass per unit length. Juveniles reared from gravid females sourced from four sites along this axis were raised in common laboratory conditions for 14 weeks. No differences between sites were observed in body mass, standardised for length, indicating that in situ differences are a phenotypic response to local conditions.     

深圳地区红树植物淡水种植试验

2004-2010年,在深圳地区进行了红树植物淡水种植及品种筛选试验。在红树植物育苗方面,7个受试品种(秋茄、桐花树、海漆、海桑、无瓣海桑、木榄和老鼠勒)均获得了成功,出苗率较好;在种植方面,9个品种(木榄、桐花树、海桑、无瓣海桑、秋茄、海漆、老鼠勒、银叶树和竹节树)均能在淡水环境中存活。海桑、无瓣海桑和竹节树生长较好,在构建淡水人工湿地时,应优先选用。在2008年冬季受到异常低温干扰时,有部分海桑植株死亡,但温度回升后,很快萌发新芽再生。秋茄和木榄生长缓慢,植株生长2～3年仍不能成林。海漆在水位变化大且沙泥质河滩地生长情况良好,对生境条件要求严格。桐花生长情况良好,在淡水环境条件下虽能开花,但结果不良。老鼠勒虽能存活,但长势不理想。     

原油和燃油对南海重要海水增养殖生物的急性毒性试验

测定了南海原油、０号柴油和２０号柴油对３种仔虾、种仔鱼和４种贝类的急性毒性。油类对仔鱼和仔虾的毒性大小顺序为：０号柴油〉２０号柴油〉南海原油；对３种贝类（文蛤除外）的毒性大小顺序为０号柴油〉南海原油。油类分散液的毒性大于其水溶性组分。在曝油的３种仔虾中，刀额新对虾对０号柴油和２０号柴油的耐受力最弱，而日本对虾对南海原油最为敏感。曝油仔鱼对３种湍类的耐受力顺序为：黄鳍鲷〉前鳞鲻〉黑鲷，而七星鲈对０号     

Larval and juvenile Australian smelt Retropinna semoni somatic and otolith growth parameters – implications for growth interpretation of wild fish

Abstract –  Relationships between fish length, otolith size, age and weight were assessed for a population of wild Australian smelt ( Retropinna semoni ) larvae and juveniles captured over a 4-year period to aid further interpretation of growth and condition during the early life history of the species. Nonlinear smoothed generalized additive models best described the fish–otolith size relationship during the larval and juvenile period, indicating that the proportionality between fish length and otolith size varies in relation to size. It is proposed that back-calculated predictions of fish size at a previous age or otolith size, accounting for individual variation is possible by assuming a body proportional hypothesis. Growth rate of larval and juvenile Australian smelt was best described using the Gompertz model that indicated a steady decline in growth rate after around 30 days of age. The allometric growth of larval and juvenile Australian smelt established from the length/weight relationship can subsequently be used to assess the condition of fish within this population using a relative condition or relative weight condition index. The results of the study have provided significant information to enable more precise growth reconstruction and condition assessment for the species in Australian lowland rivers.     

A review of cyanobacterial odorous and bioactive metabolites: Impacts and management alternatives in aquaculture

Increased demand has pushed extensive aquaculture towards intensively operated production systems, commonly resulting in eutrophic conditions and cyanobacterial blooms. This review summarizes those cyanobacterial secondary metabolites that can cause undesirable tastes and odors (odorous metabolites) or are biochemically active (bioactive metabolites) in marine and freshwater, extensive and intensive aquaculture systems. For the scope of this paper, biochemically active metabolites include (1) toxins that can cause mortality in aquaculture organisms or have the potential to harm consumers via accumulation in the product (hepatotoxins, cytotoxins, neurotoxins, dermatoxins, and brine shrimp/molluskal toxins), (2) metabolites that may degrade the nutritional status of aquaculture species (inhibitors of proteases and grazer deterrents) or (3) metabolites that have the potential to negatively affect the general health of aquaculture species or aquaculture laborers (dermatoxins, irritant toxins, hepatotoxins, cytotoxins). Suggestions are made as to future management practices in intensive and extensive aquaculture and the potential exposure pathways to aquaculture species and human consumers are identified.     

Allometric and ontogenetic patterns related to feeding of a neotropical fish, Satanoperca pappaterra (Perciformes, Cichlidae)

Abstract –  This study aims to analyse whether Satanoperca pappaterra changes its feeding habit throughout ontogenetic development, and whether morphological ontogenetic patterns are related to its feeding habit and food capture. We collected 258 individuals in the Cuiabá river basin (Brazil) for analyses. There was a weak relationship between diet and body size, as evidenced by size class and multivariate analyses, and niche breadth did not vary strongly during ontogenetic development. Eight morphometric variables were measured in each individual. We found an isometric relationship for mouth height and width, and for head length. We found positive allometry for snout length and body height in relation to body length, whereas this relationship for intestine length and eye diameter showed negative allometry. These results suggest that morphology and consequently diet vary weakly during ontogenetic development of S. pappaterra .     

Cage culture of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) at different stocking densities in a shallow eutrophic lake

Postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei were acclimated and stocked in lake-based cages at the following stocking densities: 10, 20, 30 and 40 shrimp m⁻². Another set of shrimp was stocked in concrete tanks as reference samples at 30 shrimp m⁻². Significant differences were observed among stocking densities throughout the 95-day culture. The final weight at harvest decreased with increasing stocking density: mean weights of 23.3, 15.8, 13.0, 10.9 and 14.6 g for the 10, 20, 30, 40 shrimp m⁻² and reference tanks were observed respectively. There were no significant differences in survival throughout the culture period, ranging between 69% and 77%. Daily growth rates (range: 0.11–0.24 g day⁻¹) and specific growth rates (range: 3.54–4.34%) also differed significantly among stocking densities, both increasing with decreasing stocking density. The feed conversion ratio in the cages did not differ among the stocking densities, ranging from 1.53 to 1.65. The relationship between stocking density and mean individual weight at harvest followed the equation y =81.06 x ^−0.54 ( R ²=0.938) and that of stocking density and production (in g m⁻²) is y =58.01 x ^−0.46 ( R ²=0.834).     

Larger body size with higher predation rate

Abstract –  Many studies have reported that prey fish increase in body size with an increase in piscivore abundance, and this change may be explained mainly by two processes: release from intraspecific competition because of a reduction in the prey fish population and size-dependent selection by the piscivore. However, the evolutionary mechanism is not yet fully understood. Here, we first show the body-size dynamics of the semelparous gobiid fish Gymnogobius isaza , which is one of the prey fishes of the introduced largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides . The data show the possibility that the goby body size might have changed in parallel to the number of largemouth bass from 1975 to 2002, which may be one of the best examples of the positive relationship between body size and predation rate. Furthermore, we explored a mathematical model to consider a body-size change of semelparous fish from an evolutionary viewpoint. The model provided the following qualitative predictions: (1) the optimal assimilation rate increases with predation pressure; (2) a rapid large-scale increase in predation pressure may exterminate the prey fish because of delayed evolution of the assimilation rate; and (3) the optimal assimilation rate increases when the prey fish is more likely to die through predation than through natural mortality or when it is difficult to grow larger because of low resource availability or insufficient foraging efficiency. Moreover, we propose a theoretical framework to evaluate the relative effects of ecological and evolutionary processes over the long term.